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A dictatorship is an authoritarian or totalitarian form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the leader (dictator) and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup or by elected leaders making their rule permanent. Dictatorships can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies.

Equestrianism commonly known as horse riding (Commonwealth English) or horseback riding (American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting. This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, and competitive sport.