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The Doctors' Trial is the unofficial name for the particular Nuremberg Trial held before a U.S. military court for 23 Nazi medical doctors and officials accused of criminal human experimentation and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia. The trial began on December 9, 1946, and concluded on August 20, 1947, and was one of a series of trials held in Nuremberg, Germany after World War II for individuals being charged as war criminals. The Doctors' trial involved twenty physicians and three officials who engaged in Nazi human experimentation and mass murder. It led to the Nuremberg Code, a set of ethical standards for research with human subjects.

Jupiter (Latin: Iuppiter, also known as Jove) was the supreme God in the Roman mythology pantheon. Like many of the figures of Roman mythology, Jupiter was appropriated from the Greeks, and is virtually identical to the supreme God Zeus in Greek mythology. Jupiter was known as the Roman god of the heavens and the sky. He was considered to be the patron deity of the Roman state, in charge of laws and social order. Along with Juno and Minerva, Jupiter was the chief member of the Capitoline Triad, a group of the three foremost deities in Roman religion.