E. L. Doctorow

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E. L. Doctorow
E l doctorow 2751.JPG
Doctorow in 2014
Born Edgar Lawrence Doctorow
January 6 1931(1931-01-06)
New York City, U.S.
Died July 21 2015 (aged 84)
New York City, U.S.
Occupation Writer, editor, professor
Notable work(s) The Book of Daniel
Ragtime
World's Fair
Billy Bathgate
The March
Homer & Langley
Spouse(s) Helen Esther Setzer (m. 1953)
Children 3

Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (January 6, 1931 – July 21, 2015) was an American novelist, editor, and professor, best known for his works of historical fiction.

He wrote twelve novels, three volumes of short fiction, and a stage drama, including the award-winning novels Ragtime (1975), Billy Bathgate (1989), and The March (2005). Doctorow employed a technique of placing fictional characters in recognizable historical contexts, with well-known historical figures.

A number of Doctorow's novels and short stories were also adapted for the screen, including "Welcome to Hard Times" (1967) starring Henry Fonda, "Daniel" (1983) starring Timothy Hutton, "Billy Bathgate" (1991) starring Dustin Hoffman, and "Wakefield" (2016) starring Bryan Cranston. His most notable adaptations were for the film "Ragtime" (1981) and the Broadway musical of the same name (1998), which won four Tony Awards.

Early life

Doctorow was born January 6, 1931 in the Bronx, the son of Rose (Levine) and David Richard Doctorow, second-generation Americans of Russian Jewish extraction who named him after Edgar Allan Poe.[1] His father ran a small music shop.[2] He attended city public grade schools and the Bronx High School of Science where, surrounded by mathematically gifted children, he fled to the office of the school literary magazine, Dynamo, which published his first literary effort. He then enrolled in a journalism class to increase his opportunities to write.[3]

Doctorow attended Kenyon College in Ohio, where he studied with noted literary critic, John Crowe Ransom, acted in college theater productions and majored in philosophy. While at Kenyon College, Doctorow joined the Middle Kenyon Association, and befriended Richard H. Collin. After graduating with honors in 1952, he completed a year of graduate work in English drama at Columbia University before being drafted into the United States Army. In 1954 and 1955, he served as a corporal in the signal corps in West Germany.[4]

Back in New York after military service, Doctorow worked as a reader for a motion picture company. Reading so many Westerns, he was inspired to write his first novel, Welcome to Hard Times. Begun as a parody of western fiction, it evolved into a reclamation of the genre.[5] It was published to positive reviews in 1960, with Wirt Williams of The New York Times describing it as "taut and dramatic, exciting and successfully symbolic."[6]

When asked how he decided to become a writer, he said, "I was a child who read everything I could get my hands on. Eventually, I asked of a story not only what was to happen next, but how is this done? How am I made to live from words on a page? And so I became a writer."[7]

In 1954, Doctorow married fellow Columbia University student Helen Esther Setzer while serving in the U.S. Army in West Germany.[8][9] The couple had three children.

Career

"When you'd read Edgar's manuscripts, it was done. That's just the kind of writer he was; he got everything right the first time. I can't think of any editorial problem we had. Even remotely. Nothing."
—Jason Epstein, Doctorow's book editor[10]

To support his family, Doctorow spent nine years as a book editor. At his first company, New American Library, he worked with Ian Fleming and Ayn Rand among others. From 1964, he was editor-in-chief at Dial Press, publishing books by James Baldwin, Norman Mailer, Ernest J. Gaines, and William Kennedy, among others.[11][12]

In 1969, Doctorow left publishing to pursue a writing career. He accepted a position as Visiting Writer at the University of California, Irvine, where he completed The Book of Daniel (1971),[13] a freely fictionalized consideration of the trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for giving nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was widely acclaimed, called a "masterpiece" by The Guardian. The New York Times reviewer, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, thought it launched the author into "the first rank of American writers."[14].

Doctorow later taught at Sarah Lawrence College, the Yale School of Drama, the University of Utah, the University of California, Irvine, and Princeton University. He was the Loretta and Lewis Glucksman Professor of English and American Letters at New York University. In 2001, he donated his papers to the Fales Library of New York University. In the opinion of the library's director, Marvin Taylor, Doctorow was "one of the most important American novelists of the 20th century."[15]

Literary Works

Ragtime

Doctorow's next book, written in his home in New Rochelle, New York, was Ragtime (1975), later named one of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century by the Modern Library editorial board.[16]

The novel is unusual for the irreverent way that historical figures and fictional characters are woven into the narrative, making for surprising connections and linking different events and trains of thought about fame and success, on the one hand, and poverty and racism on the other. One such figure is the black politician Booker T. Washington, who tries to negotiate with the character Coalhouse Walker, a ragtime musician, without success.

Harry Houdini plays an incidental yet prominent part, reflecting on success and mortality. As his success grows, he becomes increasingly depressed and believes his work is ultimately meaningless. After his mother's death, he becomes obsessed with exposing fraudulent occultism, while secretly longing to find a true mystic experience.

Arch-capitalist financier J. P. Morgan, pursuing his complex delusions of grandeur, becomes obsessed with reincarnation and Egyptian mysticism, and finds an unexpected kindred spirit in the down-to-earth Henry Ford. Traveling to Egypt hoping for a vision of his grand destiny, Morgan only dreams of a past life as an ordinary peddler.

Socialite Evelyn Nesbit, desperate to escape the press, becomes involved with the character Tateh, an Eastern European immigrant, and takes it on herself to care for his daughter. On meeting the anarchist agitator Emma Goldman her identity is exposed and Tateh leaves her. Emma gives Evelyn comfort and guidance on how to free herself from the domination of men. Later, Younger Brother encounters Goldman, who advises him to move beyond his obsession with Evelyn.

Other historical characters mentioned include:

  • the polar explorer Robert Peary and his black assistant Matthew Henson
  • the architect Stanford White
  • Nesbit's mentally unbalanced husband Harry Kendall Thaw, who murdered White for allegedly sexually assaulting Nesbit when she was 15
  • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
  • Countess Sophie Chotek
  • Sigmund Freud, who rides the Tunnel of Love at Coney Island with Carl Jung
  • Theodore Dreiser
  • Jacob Riis
  • the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata, with whom Younger Brother eventually joins forces.

Two real-life New York City officials also appear in the book: Manhattan District Attorney Charles S. Whitman and Police Commissioner Rhinelander Waldo.

Billy Bathgate

His subsequent work includes the award-winning novels World's Fair (1985), Billy Bathgate (1989), and The March (2005), as well as several volumes of essays and short fiction.

Billy Bathgate is the eighth in a series of what critic James Wood has called "intricate historical brocades." Earlier novels by Doctorow that were also set in the 1930s include Loon Lake and World's Fair; the latter also shares poetical evocations of the Bronx in which the author himself grew up. Doctorow has described his novel as "a young man's sentimental education in the tribal life of gangsters."[17] A reviewer saw it as "Doctorow’s shapeliest piece of work: a richly detailed report of a 15-year-old boy's journey from childhood to adulthood."[18]

The act of speaking and its interpretation is at the heart of the novel. Through paying close attention to the gangster's death-bed ramblings, Billy finds the clue to locate Schultz's hidden treasure. As he describes, such attention also leads to his equally valuable discovery of the verbal means to preserve as a lasting memory the lesson of what is otherwise a purely destructive force. "Whereas Schultz's rage appropriates everything to his need to destroy, Billy's words bear permanent witness to whatever is threatened with impermanence."[19]

Death

Doctorow died of lung cancer on July 21, 2015, aged 84, in Manhattan.[20] He is interred in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx.

Works

Novels

  • 1960: Welcome to Hard Times – adapted as the 1967 film Welcome to Hard Times
  • 1966: Big As Life[11]
  • 1971: The Book of Daniel – historical fiction about Julius and Ethel Rosenberg – adapted as the 1983 film Daniel
  • 1975: Ragtime – adapted as the 1981 film Ragtime and the 1998 Broadway musical Ragtime
  • 1980: Loon Lake
  • 1985: World's Fair
  • 1989: Billy Bathgate – adapted as the 1991 film Billy Bathgate
  • 1994: The Waterworks
  • 2000: City of God[21]
  • 2005: The March
  • 2009: Homer & Langley
  • 2014: Andrew's Brain[22]

Short story collections

  • 1984: Lives of the Poets: Six Stories and a Novella[23]
  • 2004: Sweet Land Stories – The New York Times Notable Book
  • 2011: All the Time in the World: New And Selected Stories
  • 2015 "Cuentos Completos" (Complete Short Stories) Malpaso Editorial-Only in Spanish. Preface by Eduardo Lago.

Plays

  • 1978: Drinks Before Dinner[24]

Other

  • 1982: American Anthem (photographic essay)[25]
  • 1993: Jack London, Hemingway and the Constitution (essay collection, published in the UK as Poets and Presidents)[26]
  • 2003: Reporting the Universe, Harvard University Press
  • 2004: How Then Can He Mourn?, essay criticizing George W. Bush for his pre-emptive war on Iraq.[27]
  • 2006: Creationists (essay collection)[28]
  • 2008: "Wakefield" (Archived) (short story), The New Yorker, January 14, 2008.
  • 2012: "Unexceptionalism: A Primer" (op-ed), The New York Times, April 28, 2012.

Legacy

Novelist Jay Parini is impressed by Doctorow's skill at writing fictionalized history in a unique style, "a kind of detached but arresting presentation of history that mingled real characters with fictional ones in ways that became his signature manner."[29] In Ragtime, for example, he arranges the story to include Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung sharing a ride at Coney Island, or a setting with Henry Ford and J. P. Morgan. He also used different narrative styles often. His stories were recognized for their originality and versatility; he was praised for his audacity and imagination.[30]

Despite the immense research Doctorow needed to create stories based on real events and real characters, reviewer John Brooks notes that they were nevertheless "alive enough never to smell the research in old newspaper files that they must have required."[30] Doctorow demonstrated in most of his novels "that the past is very much alive, but that it's not easily accessed," writes Parini. "We tell and retell stories, and these stories illuminate our daily lives. He showed us again and again that our past is our present, and that those not willing to grapple with 'what happened' will be condemned to repeat its worst errors."[29]

Doctorow was the recipient of numerous writing awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Ragtime, National Book Critics Circle Award for Billy Bathgate, National Book Critics Circle Award for The March, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Fiction. Former President Barack Obama called him "one of America's greatest novelists."[31]

Awards and honors

  • 1975: National Book Critics Circle Award for Ragtime[32]
  • 1986: National Book Award for World's Fair[33]
  • 1988: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement[34]
  • 1989: Edith Wharton Citation of Merit for Fiction
  • 1989 MacDowell Colony Fellowship[35]
  • 1990: National Book Critics Circle Award for Billy Bathgate[36]
  • 1990: PEN/Faulkner Award for Billy Bathgate[37]
  • 1990: William Dean Howells Medal for Billy Bathgate
  • 1998: National Humanities Medal from the National Endowment for the Humanities[38]
  • 1998: Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award from the Tulsa Library Trust
  • 1999 awarded the F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature award, which is given annually to recognize outstanding achievement in American literature. As part of the F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival, the day-long festival takes place in Rockville, Maryland, the city where Fitzgerald, his wife, and his daughter are buried.
  • 2002: First recipient of the Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement [39]
  • 2005: National Book Critics Circle Award for The March
  • 2006: PEN/Faulkner Award for The March[40]
  • 2007: Membership to the American Philosophical Society[41]
  • 2008: St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates [42]
  • 2012: Inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame[11]
  • 2012: PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction[43]
  • 2013: Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters from the National Book Foundation
  • 2013: American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Fiction
  • 2014: Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction[44]

Notes

  1. ↑ Michael Wutz, "The E.L. Doctorow I Remember," Newsweek, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  2. ↑ Susan Stamberg, "Intersections: E.L. Doctorow on Rhythm and Writing," NPR, June 28, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  3. ↑ Allen Weinstein, "American Conversation: E. L. Doctorow," September 25, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  4. ↑ Corinne Segal, "E.L. Doctorow, acclaimed author of historical fiction, dies at 84," PBS, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Interview: E.L. Doctorow discusses the art of writing and his new book of essays, Reporting the Universe," NPR. February 9, 2011.
  6. ↑ Wirt Williams, "Welcome to Hard Times," The New York Times, September 25, 1960.
  7. ↑ Nancy Groves, "EL Doctorow, author of Ragtime and Billy Bathgate, dies in New York aged 84," The Guardian, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  8. ↑ Joel Shatzky and Michael Taub, Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 1997, ISBN 0313294624), 54.
  9. ↑ Elaine Woo, "E.L. Doctorow dies at 84; 'Ragtime' author turned history into myth," Los Angeles Times, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  10. ↑ Jaime Lalinde, "E.L. Doctorow’s Longtime Editor: 'No One Could Possibly Say a Bad Word About Him'", Vanity Fair, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Eric Homberger, "EL Doctorow obituary," The Guardian, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  12. ↑ Malcolm Jones, "E.L. Doctorow's Readers Were Guaranteed a Good Time," The Daily Beast, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  13. ↑ Will Robinson, "E.L. Doctorow, Ragtime author, dies at 84," Entertainment Weekly, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  14. ↑ Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "Review of The Book of Daniel, The New York Times, June 7, 1971.
  15. ↑ "From Ragtime to Our Time E.L. Doctorow Donates His Papers to NYU’S Fales Library," New York University, April 19, 2001. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Modern Library: 100 Best Novels," Random House, Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  17. ↑ Andrew Pulver, "Billygate," The Guardian, June 4, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  18. ↑ Ann Tyler, "An American Boy in Gangland," New York Times, Feb 26, 1989. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  19. ↑ Donald E. Pease, "Billy Bathgate," America, May 13, 1989. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  20. ↑ Bruce Weber, "E. L. Doctorow Dies at 84; Literary Time Traveler Stirred Past Into Fiction," The New York Times, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  21. ↑ A. O. Scott, "A Thinking Man's Miracle," The New York Times, March 5, 2000. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  22. ↑ Leslie Kaufman, "A New Doctorow Novel," The New York Times, March 28, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  23. ↑ Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "Lives of the Poets," The New York Times, November 6, 1984. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  24. ↑ Richard Eder, "Stage: Doctorow's 'Drinks Before Dinner'," The New York Times, November 24, 1978. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  25. ↑ Christopher D. Morris, Conversations with E.L. Doctorow (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1999, ISBN 978-1578061440).
  26. ↑ Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "'Jack London, Hemingway and the Constitution'", The New York Times, November 4, 1993. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  27. ↑ E. L. Doctorow, "How Then Can He Mourn?" Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, September 9, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  28. ↑ Ron Powers, "Text Messages," The New York Times, September 24, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Jay Parini, "E.L. Doctorow's gift," CNN, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "E. L. Doctorow Dies at 84; Literary Time Traveler Stirred Past Into Fiction," The New York Times, July 21, 2015
  31. ↑ Nick Bryant, "US novelist EL Doctorow dies at 84," BBC, July 22, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  32. ↑ "Ragtime wins the National Book Critics Circle Award," History Channel. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  33. ↑ "National Book Awards – 1986," National Book Foundation. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement: National Book Award, 1980s," American Academy of Achievement. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  35. ↑ "E.L. Doctorow - Artist," MacDowell Fellowships, 1989. Retrieved November 21, 2023..
  36. ↑ M. Alex Johnson, "E.L. Doctorow, Acclaimed Author of 'Ragtime' and 'Billy Bathgate,' Dies at 84," NBC News, July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Doctorow's 'Bathgate' Wins Faulkner Award," The New York Times, April 7, 1990. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Winner of the National Humanities Medal and the Charles Frankel Prize," National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), 1998. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  39. ↑ Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement," Kenyon Review, 2002. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  40. ↑ Bob Thompson, "Doctorow's 'The March' Wins Top Honor," The Washington Post, February 21, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  41. ↑ "APS Member History," American Philosophical Society, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  42. ↑ "Noted Novelist E. L. Doctorow to be Honored as 41st Annual Saint Louis Literary Award Recipient," Saint Louis University Library Associates. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  43. ↑ 2012 "PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction," PEN American Center, November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  44. ↑ Alison Flood, "E.L. Doctorow wins Library of Congress prize for American fiction", The Guardian, April 17, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2023.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Further reading

  • Arana-Ward, Marie. "E. L. Doctorow" The Washington Post, Apr 17, 1994. Retrieved November 1p, 2023.
  • Baba, Minako. "The Young Gangster as Mythic American Hero: E.L.Doctorow's Billy Bathgate," Varieties of Ethnic Criticism 18(2) (Summer 1993): 33–46.
  • Bloom, Harold. E.L. Doctorow.. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House, 2001. ISBN 978-0791064511
  • Bloom, Harold. E.L. Doctorow's Ragtime (Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations). Broomall, PA: Chelsea House, 2001. ISBN 978-0791063439
  • Fowler, Douglas. Understanding E.L. Doctorow. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, 1992. ISBN 978-0872498198
  • Girgus, Sam B. The New Covenant: Jewish Writers and the American Idea. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0807815779
  • Harter, Carol C., and James R. Thompson. E.L.Doctorow. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 1990 ISBN 978-0805776041
  • Henry, Matthew A. "Problematized Narratives: History as Friction in E.L. Doctorow's Billy Bathgate," Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 39(1) (1997): 32-40.
  • Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0822310907
  • Leonard, John. "The Prophet," The New York Review of Books, Jun 10, 2004.
  • Levine, Paul. E.L. Doctorow. London, U.K.: Routledge, 1985. ISBN 978-0416348408
  • Matterson, Stephen. "Why Not Say What Happened: E.L. Doctorow's Lives of the Poets," Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 34(2) (1993); 113-125.
  • McGowan, Todd. "In This Way He Lost Everything: The Price of Satisfaction in E.L. Doctorow's World's Fair," Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 42(2) (2001): 233-240.
  • Miller, Ann V. "Through a Glass Clearly: Vision as Structure in E.L. Doctorow's Willi," Studies in Short Fiction.
  • Morgenstern, Naomi. "The Primal Scene in the Public Domain: E.L. Doctorow's The Book of Daniel," Studies in the Novel 35(1) (Spring 2003): 68-88.
  • Morris, Christopher D. Conversations with E.L. Doctorow. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. ISBN 978-1578061440
  • Morris, Christopher D. Models of Misrepresentation: On the Fiction of E.L. Doctorow. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1991. ISBN 978-0878055241
  • Porsche, Michael. Der Meta-Western: Studien zu E.L. Doctorow, Thomas Berger und Larry McMurtry (Arbeiten zur Amerikanistik). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, 1991.
  • Pospisil, Tomas. The Progressive Era in American Historical Fiction: John Dos Passos' 'The 42nd Parallel and E.L. Doctorow's Ragtime. Brno, CZ: Masarykova univerzita, 1998. ISBN 978-8021017481
  • Shaw, Patrick W. The Modern American Novel of Violence. Albany, NY: Whitston Pub. Co., Inc., 2000. ISBN 978-0878755097
  • Siegel, Ben. Critical Essays on E.L. Doctorow. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall & Company, 2000. ISBN 978-0783800462
  • Tokarczyk, Michelle M. E.L. Doctorow: An Annotated Bibliography. London, U.K.: Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, 1988. ISBN 978-0824072469
  • Tokarczyk, Michelle M. E.L. Doctorow's Skeptical Commitment. Lausanne, SZ: Peter Lang, 2000. ISBN 978-0820444703
  • Trenner, Richard. E.L. Doctorow: Essays and Conversations. New York, NY: Persea Books, 1983. ISBN 978-0865380233
  • Williams, John. Fiction as False Document: The Reception of E.L. Doctorow In the Post Modern Age. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1996. ISBN 978-1571130358

External links

All links retrieved February 12, 2024.

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New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

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New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

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