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Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in northern Europe. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest. Occupied by both Germany and the Soviet Union, Lithuania experienced one of the worst death rates of the Holocaust.

A passerine or passeriform is a member of the order Passeriformes, the largest order of birds, containing more than half of all species. They are also known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds. The group gets its name from the Latin name for the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. The passerines are true perching birds, having four toes, with three directed forward and one backward. The passerines form one of the most spectacularly diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders, includes such birds as finches, warblers, and jays.