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Sede vacante (Latin for "the seat being vacant") refers to the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Sede vacante occurs when the diocesan bishop has either died, resigned, transferred to a different diocese, or lost his office and a replacement has not yet been named. More particularly, sede vacante refers to the vacancy of the Holy See, which occurs after the death or resignation of a pope. During this period, the Holy See is administered by a regency of the College of Cardinals.

Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia called "Vlad the Impaler" and also known as Vlad Dracula or simply Matter is commonly thought of as the material that composes physical objects—that is, objects that have mass and occupy space. It can occur in any of a variety of phases, such as solid, liquid, gas, plasma, superfluid, and Bose-Einstein condensate. This view of matter has been very useful for everyday, practical work, and most technologies are based on this understanding, at least implicitly. Yet, as research into matter has moved from investigations of large-scale properties of objects to their fundamental constituents, the scientific understanding of matter has dramatically changed.