Wisława Szymborska

Wisława Szymborska

Szymborska in Kraków, 2009
Born:	July 2 1923(1923-07-02) Prowent, Poznań Voivodeship, Poland
Died:	February 1 2012 (aged 88) Kraków, Poland
Occupation(s):	Poet, essayist, translator

Maria Wisława Anna Szymborska (Polish: [viˈswava ʂɨmˈbɔrska]; July 2, 1923 – February 1, 2012) was a Polish poet, essayist, translator, and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Prowent (now part of Kórnik in west-central Poland), she resided in Kraków until the end of her life. In Poland, Szymborska's books have reached sales rivaling prominent prose authors, though she wrote in a poem, "Some Like Poetry" ("Niektórzy lubią poezję"), that "perhaps" two in a thousand people like poetry.

She was already well-known in Poland, but became better known internationally after receiving the Nobel Prize. Her work has been translated into many European languages, as well as into Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese, Persian, and Chinese.

Life

The house where Wisława Szymborska was born, in Prowent, now part of Kórnik, Poland

Wisława Szymborska was born on July 2, 1923 in Prowent, the second daughter of Wincenty Szymborski and Anna (née Rottermund) Szymborska. Her father was, at that time, the steward of Count Władysław Zamoyski, a Polish patriot and charitable patron. After Zamoyski's death in 1924, her family moved to Toruń, then in 1931 to Kraków, where she lived and worked until her death in early 2012.

Early career

When World War II broke out in 1939, she continued her education in underground classes. From 1943, she worked as a railroad employee and managed to avoid being deported to Germany as a forced laborer. During this time, her career as an artist began, with illustrations for an English-language textbook. She also began writing stories and occasional poems. In 1945, she began studying Polish literature before switching to sociology at Jagiellonian University in Kraków. There, she became involved in the local writing scene, and met and was influenced by Czesław Miłosz. In March 1945, she published her first poem, "Szukam słowa," ("Looking for words") in the daily newspaper, Dziennik Polski. Her poems continued to be published in various newspapers and periodicals for a number of years. In 1948, she quit her studies without a degree, due to poor financial circumstances. The same year, she married poet Adam Włodek, whom she divorced in 1954. They remained close until Włodek's death in 1986. Their union was childless. Around the time of her marriage, she was working as a secretary for an educational biweekly magazine as well as an illustrator. Her first book was to be published in 1949, but did not pass censorship as it "did not meet socialist requirements."

Embracing socialism

Szymborska adhered to the People's Republic of Poland's (PRL) official ideology early in her career, signing an infamous 1953 political petition condemning Polish priests accused of treason in a show trial. Her early work supported socialist themes, as seen in her debut collection Dlatego żyjemy (That is what we are living for), containing the poems "Lenin" and "Młodzieży budującej Nową Hutę" ("For the Youth who are building Nowa Huta"), about the construction of a Stalinist industrial town near Kraków. She became a member of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party.

Estrangement from Stalinism

Although initially close to the official party line, as the Polish Communist Party shifted from the Stalinist communists to "national" communists, Szymborska grew estranged from socialist ideology and renounced her earlier political work. Although she did not officially leave the Communist party until 1966, she began to establish contacts with dissidents. As early as 1957, she befriended Jerzy Giedroyc, the editor of the influential Paris-based émigré journal Kultura, to which she contributed. In 1964, she opposed a Communist-backed protest to The Times against independent intellectuals, demanding freedom of speech instead.

Later career

In 1953, Szymborska joined the staff of the literary review magazine Życie Literackie (Literary Life), where she continued to work until 1981. From 1968 she wrote a book review column, Lektury Nadobowiązkowe. Many of her essays from this period were later published in book form. From 1981 to 1983, she was an editor of the Kraków-based monthly periodical NaGlos (OutLoud). In the 1980s, she intensified her oppositional activities, contributing to the samizdat periodical Arka under the pseudonym "Stańczykówna", as well as to Kultura. In the early 1990s, with a poem published in Gazeta Wyborcza, she supported the vote of no confidence in the first non-Communist government that brought former Communists back to power. The last collection published while Szymborska was still alive, Dwukropek, was chosen as the best book of 2006 by readers of Poland's Gazeta Wyborcza. She also translated French literature into Polish, in particular Baroque poetry and the works of Agrippa d'Aubigné, a Huguenot soldier-poet during the French Wars of Religion. In Germany, Szymborska is closely associated with her translator Karl Dedecius, who did much to popularize her works there.

Death and last works

Surrounded by friends and relatives, Szymborska died peacefully of lung cancer in her sleep at home in Kraków in 2012, aged 88. She was working on new poetry at the time of her death, but was unable to arrange her final poems for publication in the way she wanted. Her last poetry was published later in 2012.

Themes

Szymborska frequently employed literary devices such as ironic precision, paradox, contradiction, and understatement to illuminate philosophical themes and obsessions. Many of her poems feature war and terrorism. She wrote from unusual points of view, such as a cat in the newly empty apartment of its dead owner. Her reputation rests on a relatively small body of work, fewer than 350 poems. When asked why she had published so few poems, she said, "I have a trash can in my home."

Legacy

Szymborska was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality." In 2013, the Wisława Szymborska Award was established in honor of her legacy.

Adaptations

Szymborska's poem "Buffo" was set to music by Barbara Maria Zakrzewska-Nikiporczyk in 1985.

Her poem "Love at First Sight" was used in the film Turn Left, Turn Right, starring Takeshi Kaneshiro and Gigi Leung. Krzysztof Kieślowski's film Three Colors: Red was also inspired by "Love at First Sight."

In her last year, Szymborska collaborated with Polish jazz trumpeter Tomasz Stańko, who dedicated his record Wisława (ECM, 2013) to her memory, taking inspiration from their collaboration and her poetry.

Szymborska's poem "People on the Bridge" was made into a film by Beata Poźniak. It was shown worldwide and at a New Delhi film festival. As an award, it was screened 36 more times in 18 Indian cities.

In 2022, Sanah adapted Szymborska's poem "Nothing Twice" into a song as part of her project based around Polish poetry, Sanah śpiewa Poezyje.

Prizes and awards

Wisława Szymborska at the 2010 Prague Book Fair

• 1954: The City of Kraków Prize for Literature
• 1963: The Polish Ministry of Culture Prize
• 1974: Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
• 1990: Kościelski Award
• 1991: Goethe Prize
• 1995: Herder Prize
• 1995: Honorary Degree of the Adam Mickiewicz University (Poznań)
• 1996: The Polish PEN Club prize
• 1996: Nobel Prize in Literature
• 1996: Person of the Year by Wprost
• 1997: Honorary Resident of the Royal Capital City of Kraków
• 2005: Gold Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis
• 2011: Order of the White Eagle

Major works

Wisława Szymborska and President Bronisław Komorowski at the Order of the White Eagle award ceremony in January 2011.

• 1952: Dlatego żyjemy ("That's Why We Are All Alive")
• 1954: Pytania zadawane sobie ("Questioning Yourself")
• 1957: Wołanie do Yeti ("Calling Out to Yeti")
• 1962: Sól ("Salt")
• 1966: 101 wierszy ("101 Poems")
• 1967: Sto pociech ("No End of Fun")
• 1967: Poezje wybrane ("Selected Poetry")
• 1972: Wszelki wypadek ("Could Have")
• 1976: Wielka liczba ("A Large Number")
• 1986: Ludzie na moście ("People on the Bridge")
• 1989: Poezje. Poems, bilingual Polish-English edition
• 1992: Lektury nadobowiązkowe ("Non-required Reading")
• 1993: Koniec i początek ("The End and the Beginning")
• 1996: Widok z ziarnkiem piasku ("View with a Grain of Sand")
• 1997: Sto wierszy – sto pociech ("100 Poems – 100 Happinesses")
• 2002: Chwila ("Moment")
• 2003: Rymowanki dla dużych dzieci ("Rhymes for Big Kids")
• 2005: Dwukropek ("Colon")
• 2005: Monolog psa zaplątanego w dzieje ("Monologue of a Dog Ensnared in History")
• 2009: Tutaj ("Here")
• 2012: Wystarczy ("Enough")
• 2013: Błysk rewolwru ("The Glimmer of a Revolver")

Reviews

• 1998 Boston Review: Poems – New and Collected 1957–1997 by Francis Padorr Brent
• 2001 The New Republic: "Miracle Fair: Selected Poems of Wislawa Szymborska" by Ruth Franklin
• 2006 The Christian Science Monitor: A fascinating journey with two women poets by Elizabeth Lund
• 2006 Moondance magazine: Stories/Poems. Plain and Simple. – Mapping the Words of Wislawa Szymborska on Her Latest Book, Monologue of a Dog by Lys Anzia
• 2006 Sarmatian Review: Wislawa Szymborska's 'Conversation With a Stone' – An Interpretation by Mary Ann Furno
• 2006 Words Without Borders: Monologue of a Dog – New Poems of Wislawa Szymborska by W. Martin
• 2015 All roads will lead you home Poetic Alchemy: Wislawa Szymborska's Map: Collected and Last Poems by Wally Swist [vacpoetry.org/journal/]

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Anderson, Raymond H. "Wislawa Szymborska, Nobel-Winning Polish Poet, Dies at 88," The New York Times, February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
• Kowalczyk, Janusz R. "Wisława Szymborska," culture.pl, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
• Łysiak, Waldemar. Stulecie kłamców. Ex Libris/Galeria Polskiej Książki, 2000. ISBN 978-8388455216
• Smith, Alex Duval. "A Nobel Calling: 100 Years of Controversy," The Independent, October 14, 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• St. de Zieleśkiewicz, Michał. "Szymborska: zabić księży Kurii Krakowskiej (Szymborska: kill the priests of the Krakow Curia)," Bibula – pismo niezalezne, January 21, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "I Don't Know: The Nobel lecture," The New Republic, December 29, 1996. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "Some Like Poetry". Retrieved July 25, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "Moment," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "Colon," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "Tutaj," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• Szymborska, Wisława. "Enough: Wisława Szymborska's Last Collection of Poems," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
• Wilhelm, Stanisław. Pajęczyna III RP – Urzędnicy i Sędziowie; Anatomia manipulacji prawem. Stanislaw Wilhelm Grys, 320. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "Nobel Prize-winning poet Szymborska dies aged 88," France24, February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• "Wisława Szymborska – krótka biografia (short biography)," Zinterpretuj.pl, August 22, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "Poland Nobel poetry laureate Wislawa Szymborska dies," BBC News, February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "Polish Nobel winning poet Szymborska dies at 88," Reuters, February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• "Poland Nobel poetry laureate Wislawa Szymborska dies," BBC News, February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996," The Nobel Prize, October 7, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
• "The Wisława Szymborska International Literary Award," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
• "Barbara Zakrzewska," Polish Music Center, USC. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• "Polish poet railed at Stalin," The Sydney Morning Herald, March 26, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
• "ECM 2304_05," EMC Records. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
• "People on the Bridge," Beata Poźniak. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
• "The Poet's Eternal Spark in New Szymborska Discoveries," Culture.pl. Retrieved July 9, 2023.

External links

Links retrieved July 25, 2023.

• List of Works
• Wisława Szymborska at Encyclopædia Britannica
• Wisława Szymborska poems and biography at poezja.org

Nobel Prize in Literature: Laureates (1976-2000)

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