Difference between revisions of "Psychologists" - New World Encyclopedia

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{{psychology}}
 
{{psychology}}
  
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A '''psychologist''' is a scientist who studies [[psychology]], the systematic investigation of human [[behavior,_human|behavior]] and mental processes. Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being [[clinical_psychology|clinical psychologists]], who provide [[mental_health_and_illness|mental health]] care, and research psychologists, who investigate and analyze various aspects of human behavior.
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A '''psychologist''' is a scientist who studies [[psychology]], the systematic investigation of human [[behavior,_human|behavior]] and mental processes. Unlike [[pyschiatry|psychiatrist]]s, psychologists are not [[medicine|medical doctors]] and hence, generally, cannot obtain a licence to prescribe [[drug|medication]]s. While many psychologists study and treat the mentally ill, a larger number study healthy people of all ages in their efforts to discover the factors that affect how human beings think, feel, and act in different situations. Ultimately, the purpose of psychologists is to understand human nature, and thus to help people overcome difficulties and fulfill their potential as true human beings.
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Unlike [[pyschiatry|psychiatrist]]s, psychologists are not [[medicine|medical doctors]] and hence, generally, cannot obtain a license to prescribe [[drug|medication]]s. A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional who has a doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.) in Clinical or [[Counseling]] Psychology and has met local licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. Such licensed psychologists and can legally provide [[psychotherapy]] and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform.
 
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Research psychologists generally have academic doctoral [[degree]]s (Ph.D.) that are different from the professional degrees of medical doctors and clinical psychologists in that they require significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a [[dissertation]]*.  
 
  
 
==Types of psychologist==
 
==Types of psychologist==
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Psychologists may be categorized under different fields or disciplines:
 
  
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* '''Clinical psychologists''' and '''Counseling psychologists''' diagnose and evaluate mental and [[affective_disorder|emotional disorders]], and use tools such as [[psychotherapy]] and [[hypnosis]] to treat affected patients. They conduct [[interview]]s and psychological tests, and may conduct complex treatment programs, sometimes in conjunction with physicians or other specialists.
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Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being [[clinical_psychology|clinical psychologists]], who provide [[mental_health_and_illness|mental health]] care, and research psychologists, who investigate and analyze various aspects of human behavior. Psychologists also work in many other [[applied_psychology|applied]] fields.
  
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*'''Occupational psychologists''' are concerned with the performance of people at work and in training, with developing an understanding of how organizations function and how individuals and groups behave at work. Their aim is to increase effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction at work.
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===Clinical psychologists===
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Clinical psychologists and [[Counseling]] psychologists diagnose and evaluate mental and [[affective_disorder|emotional disorders]], and use tools such as [[psychotherapy]] and [[hypnosis]] to treat affected patients. They conduct [[interview]]s and psychological tests, and may conduct complex treatment programs, sometimes in conjunction with physicians or other specialists. A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional who has a professional doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.) in Clinical or Counseling Psychology and has met local licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. Such licensed psychologists and can legally provide [[psychotherapy]] and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform.
  
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* '''Research psychologists''' or '''[[Experimental psychologists]]''' study behavioral processes by conducting [[scientific_method|scientific]] research on [[human being]]s and [[animal]]s. They work in universities and private research centers, as well as for government organizations. Common areas of research include [[emotion]], [[intelligence]], [[learning]], [[memory]], [[motivation]], [[personality]] and factors affecting behavior and [[psychological development]].
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===Research psychologists===
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Research psychologists or [[Experimental psychologists]] study behavioral processes by conducting [[scientific_method|scientific]] research on [[human being]]s and [[animal]]s. They work in universities and private research centers, as well as for government organizations. Common areas of research include [[emotion]], [[intelligence]], [[learning]], [[memory]], [[motivation]], [[personality]], [[psychopathology]], and factors affecting [[psychological development]]. Research psychologists generally have academic doctoral [[degree]]s (Ph.D.). The requrirements are different from the professional degrees of medical doctors and clinical psychologists in that they include significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a [[dissertation]]*.
  
 
==Major contributors to psychology==
 
==Major contributors to psychology==
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This list includes famous [[psychologist]]s and contributors to [[psychology]]; some of them may not have thought of themselves primarily as psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.
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This list includes famous psychologists and contributors to [[psychology]]; some of them may not have thought of themselves primarily as psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.
  
 
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* [[Manas K Mandal]]
 
* [[Manas K Mandal]]
  
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==''Prescientific theorists''==
 
  
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* [[Aristotle]]
 
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* [[Buddhaghosa]]
 
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* [[René Descartes]]
 
  
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==External links==
 
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* [http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos056.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics page]
 
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* [http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/file/occguide/PSYCHOLO.HTM California Employment Development Department occupational guide]
 
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* [http://www3.ccps.virginia.edu/career_prospects/briefs/P-S/ResearchPsych.shtml Career Prospects in Virginia: research psychology]
 
  
  
  
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==See also==
 
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* [[List of cognitive scientists]]
 
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* [[List of people by occupation]]
 
  
 
{{credit2|Psychologist|30443696|List_of_psychologists|30665716}}
 
{{credit2|Psychologist|30443696|List_of_psychologists|30665716}}

Revision as of 18:57, 31 January 2006


Psychology
Senses brain.png
History
Psychologists
Divisions
Abnormal
Applied
Biological
Clinical
Cognitive
Comparative
Developmental
Differential
Industrial
Parapsychology
Personality
Positive
Religion
Social
Approaches
Behaviorism
Depth
Experimental
Gestalt
Humanistic
Information processing

A psychologist is a scientist who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of human behavior and mental processes. Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are not medical doctors and hence, generally, cannot obtain a licence to prescribe medications. While many psychologists study and treat the mentally ill, a larger number study healthy people of all ages in their efforts to discover the factors that affect how human beings think, feel, and act in different situations. Ultimately, the purpose of psychologists is to understand human nature, and thus to help people overcome difficulties and fulfill their potential as true human beings.

Types of psychologist

Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being clinical psychologists, who provide mental health care, and research psychologists, who investigate and analyze various aspects of human behavior. Psychologists also work in many other applied fields.

Clinical psychologists

Clinical psychologists and Counseling psychologists diagnose and evaluate mental and emotional disorders, and use tools such as psychotherapy and hypnosis to treat affected patients. They conduct interviews and psychological tests, and may conduct complex treatment programs, sometimes in conjunction with physicians or other specialists. A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional who has a professional doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.) in Clinical or Counseling Psychology and has met local licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. Such licensed psychologists and can legally provide psychotherapy and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform.

Research psychologists

Research psychologists or Experimental psychologists study behavioral processes by conducting scientific research on human beings and animals. They work in universities and private research centers, as well as for government organizations. Common areas of research include emotion, intelligence, learning, memory, motivation, personality, psychopathology, and factors affecting psychological development. Research psychologists generally have academic doctoral degrees (Ph.D.). The requrirements are different from the professional degrees of medical doctors and clinical psychologists in that they include significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a dissertation.

Major contributors to psychology

This list includes famous psychologists and contributors to psychology; some of them may not have thought of themselves primarily as psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.


Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

B

C

  • Mary Calkins
  • James Cattell
  • Laura Carstensen
  • Jean-Martin Charcot
  • Nancy Chodorow
  • Leda Cosmides
  • Clyde Coombs

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

  • Ulric Neisser
  • Alexander Sutherland Neill
  • Erich Neumann
  • Donald Norman
  • Kent Norman

O

  • James "Jim" Olds
  • Thomas Ogden

P

Q

R

S

T

U

  • Dimitri Uznadze

V

  • Liev S. Vygotski

W

X

Y

Z

  • Robert J. Zajonc
  • Oliver L. Zangwill
  • Philip Zimbardo
  • Manas K Mandal


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