Psychologists

From New World Encyclopedia
Revision as of 17:20, 31 January 2006 by Jennifer Tanabe (talk | contribs)
Previous (Psychologism)
Next (Psychology)


Psychology
Senses brain.png
History
Psychologists
Divisions
Abnormal
Applied
Biological
Clinical
Cognitive
Comparative
Developmental
Differential
Industrial
Parapsychology
Personality
Positive
Religion
Social
Approaches
Behaviorism
Depth
Experimental
Gestalt
Humanistic
Information processing

A psychologist is a scientist who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of human behavior and mental processes. Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being clinical psychologists, who provide mental health care, and research psychologists, who investigate and analyze various aspects of human behavior.

Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are not medical doctors and hence, generally, cannot obtain a license to prescribe medications. A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional who has a doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.) in Clinical or Counseling Psychology and has met local licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. Such licensed psychologists and can legally provide psychotherapy and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform.

Research psychologists generally have academic doctoral degrees (Ph.D.) that are different from the professional degrees of medical doctors and clinical psychologists in that they require significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a dissertation.

Types of psychologist

Psychologists may be categorized under different fields or disciplines:

  • Clinical psychologists and Counseling psychologists diagnose and evaluate mental and emotional disorders, and use tools such as psychotherapy and hypnosis to treat affected patients. They conduct interviews and psychological tests, and may conduct complex treatment programs, sometimes in conjunction with physicians or other specialists.
  • Occupational psychologists are concerned with the performance of people at work and in training, with developing an understanding of how organizations function and how individuals and groups behave at work. Their aim is to increase effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction at work.
  • Research psychologists or Experimental psychologists study behavioral processes by conducting scientific research on human beings and animals. They work in universities and private research centers, as well as for government organizations. Common areas of research include emotion, intelligence, learning, memory, motivation, personality and factors affecting behavior and psychological development.

Major contributors to psychology

This list includes famous psychologists and contributors to psychology; some of them may not have thought of themselves primarily as psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.


Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

B

C

  • Mary Calkins
  • James Cattell
  • Laura Carstensen
  • Jean-Martin Charcot
  • Nancy Chodorow
  • Leda Cosmides
  • Clyde Coombs

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

  • Ulric Neisser
  • Alexander Sutherland Neill
  • Erich Neumann
  • Donald Norman
  • Kent Norman

O

  • James "Jim" Olds
  • Thomas Ogden

P

Q

R

S

T

U

  • Dimitri Uznadze

V

  • Liev S. Vygotski

W

X

Y

Z

  • Robert J. Zajonc
  • Oliver L. Zangwill
  • Philip Zimbardo
  • Manas K Mandal

Prescientific theorists

External links


See also

  • List of cognitive scientists
  • List of people by occupation

Credits

New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.

Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Psychologists&oldid=21571

Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Copyright Logo
Powered by MediaWiki