Difference between revisions of "Psychologists" - New World Encyclopedia

From New World Encyclopedia
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== B ==
 
== B ==
−
* [[Michael Balint]]
+
* [[James Mark Baldwin]] (American [[Experimental_psychology|Experimental psychologist]])
−
* [[Albert Bandura]]
+
* [[Albert Bandura]]* (Canadian [[Social learning]] theorist)
−
* [[Vladimir Bekhterev]]
+
* Sir [[Frederic Bartlett]] (British [[Experimental_psychology|Experimental psychologist]])
−
* Sir [[Frederic Bartlett]]
+
* [[Aaron T. Beck]]* (American psychiatrist, founder of [[cognitive therapy]]*)
−
* [[Aaron T. Beck]] (A psychiatrist, not a psychologist; founder of [[cognitive therapy]])
+
* [[Ernest Becker]]* (Canadian [[Cultural_anthropology|Cultural anthropologist]])
−
* [[Ernest Becker]]
+
* [[Bruno Bettelheim]]* (American [[Developmental_psychology|Child psychologist]])
−
* [[Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi]]
+
* [[Alfred Binet]] (French [[Differential_psychology|Differential psychologist]], inventor of [[IQ test]])
−
* [[Richard Bentall]]
+
* [[Benjamin Bloom]]* (American [[Educational_psychology|Educational psychologist]])
−
* [[Daryl Bem]]
+
* [[John Bowlby]]* (British [[Developmental_psychology|Developmental psychologist]])
−
* [[Michael Billig]]
+
* [[Donald Broadbent]]* (British [[Experimental_psychology|Experimental psychologist]])
−
* [[Alfred Binet]]
+
* [[Urie Bronfenbrenner]]* (American [[Developmental_psychology|Developmental psychologist]])
−
* [[Wilfred Bion]]
+
* [[Jerome S. Bruner]] (American [[Cognitive_psychology|Cognitive psychologist]]|
−
* [[David Birch]]
+
* Sir [[Cyril Burt]] (British [[Differential_psychologist|Differential psychologist]])
−
* [[John Bowlby]]
 
−
* [[Nathaniel Branden]]
 
−
* [[Donald Broadbent]]
 
−
* [[Urie Bronfenbrenner]] (founder of "Human Ecology" / theory of the ecology of human development)
 
−
* [[Jerome S. Bruner]]
 
−
* Sir [[Cyril Burt]]
 
  
 
== C ==
 
== C ==
−
* [[Mary Calkins]]
+
* [[Mary Calkins]]* (American psychologist of the [[Self]])
−
* [[James Cattell]]
+
* [[James McKeen Cattell]] (First American professor of psychology)
−
* [[Laura Carstensen]]
+
* [[Raymond B. Cattell]]* (British [[Personality]] theorist)
−
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]
+
* [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] (French [[Neurology|Neurologist]])
−
* [[Nancy Chodorow]]
+
* [[Kenneth Craik]]* (British [[Cognitive_psychology|Cognitive psychologist]])
−
* [[Leda Cosmides]]
 
−
* [[Clyde Coombs]]
 
  
 
== D ==
 
== D ==
−
* [[Lloyd deMause]]
+
* [[John Dewey]] (American [[Education|educator]])
−
* [[John Dewey]]
 
−
* [[Dietrich Doerner]]
 
  
 
== E ==
 
== E ==

Revision as of 20:51, 31 January 2006


Psychology
Senses brain.png
History
Psychologists
Divisions
Abnormal
Applied
Biological
Clinical
Cognitive
Comparative
Developmental
Differential
Industrial
Parapsychology
Personality
Positive
Religion
Social
Approaches
Behaviorism
Depth
Experimental
Gestalt
Humanistic
Information processing

A psychologist is a scientist who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of human behavior and mental processes. Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are not medical doctors and hence, generally, cannot obtain a licence to prescribe medications. While many psychologists study and treat the mentally ill, a larger number study healthy people of all ages in their efforts to discover the factors that affect how human beings think, feel, and act in different situations. Ultimately, the purpose of psychologists is to understand human nature, and thus to help people overcome difficulties and fulfill their potential as true human beings.

Types of psychologist

Psychologists are usually categorized under a number of different fields, the most well-recognized being clinical psychologists, who provide mental health care, and research psychologists, who investigate and analyze various aspects of human behavior. Psychologists also work in many other applied fields.

Clinical psychologists

Clinical psychologists and Counseling psychologists diagnose and evaluate mental and emotional disorders, and use tools such as psychotherapy and hypnosis to treat affected patients. They conduct interviews and psychological tests, and may conduct complex treatment programs, sometimes in conjunction with physicians or other specialists. A clinical psychologist is a mental health professional who has a professional doctoral degree (usually a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.) in Clinical or Counseling Psychology and has met local licensing criteria. Those criteria typically include a period of post-doctoral practice under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, a licensing exam, and continuing education requirements. Such licensed psychologists and can legally provide psychotherapy and use this term to refer to aspects of the mental health treatments they perform.

Research psychologists

Research psychologists or Experimental psychologists study behavioral processes by conducting scientific research on human beings and animals. They work in universities and private research centers, as well as for government organizations. Common areas of research include emotion, intelligence, learning, memory, motivation, personality, psychopathology, and factors affecting psychological development. Research psychologists generally have academic doctoral degrees (Ph.D.). The requrirements are different from the professional degrees of medical doctors and clinical psychologists in that they include significant academic research experience and original contributions to scientific research in the form of a dissertation.

Major contributors to psychology

This list includes famous psychologists and contributors to psychology; some of them may not have thought of themselves primarily as psychologists but are included here because of their important contributions to the discipline.


Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

B

C

  • Mary Calkins (American psychologist of the Self)
  • James McKeen Cattell (First American professor of psychology)
  • Raymond B. Cattell (British Personality theorist)
  • Jean-Martin Charcot (French Neurologist)
  • Kenneth Craik (British Cognitive psychologist)

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

  • Ulric Neisser
  • Alexander Sutherland Neill
  • Erich Neumann
  • Donald Norman
  • Kent Norman

O

  • James "Jim" Olds
  • Thomas Ogden

P

Q

R

S

T

U

  • Dimitri Uznadze

V

  • Liev S. Vygotski

W

X

Y

Z

  • Robert J. Zajonc
  • Oliver L. Zangwill
  • Philip Zimbardo
  • Manas K Mandal


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